Artificial material and method of preparing the same



Patented Jan. 19,1937

UNITED STATES PATENT: OFFICE ARTIF CIAL MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME George Schneider, Montclair, N. J., assignor to Celanese Corporation of of Delaware America, a corporation Claims.

This invention relates to the preparation or treatment of artificial materials particularly textile materials, such as yarns or filaments made oforganic derivatives of cellulose, whereby the 5 same are rendered more amenable to textile operations or have other improved properties.

An object of my invention is to prepare or treat textile materials, particularly yarns or filaments I containing cellulose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose by the employment of oils or fatty acids in conjunction with an aromatic com'-' pound containing an unsaturated aliphatic group, whereby the yarns or filaments are rendered more pliable and can therefore be knitted, woven or knotted more readily. Further objects of my inare applied to the yarn, upon aging they hydrolyze to develop free acid; they tend to oxidize, and to polymerize and form viscous and gummy bodies.

I have found that if certain aromatic compounds containing unsaturated aliphatic groups are added to such oils, yarns to which the resulting mixture has been applied, remain soft and not sticky when exposed to the air for long periods of time. Moreover, the presence of these aromatic compounds containing unsaturated aliphatic groups greatly retards the development in such 35 oils of free acidity, prevents oxidation and largely overcomes the tendency of such oils upon ageing to render cellulose acetate yarns less resistant to the delustering action of hot aqueous liquids.

In accordance with my invention, I employ the animal or vegetable oils or the fatty acids derived therefrom in conjunction with aromatic com-' pounds containing aliphatic unsaturated groups in the preparation or treatment of artificial mate rials particularly those containing cellulose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose.

The animal or vegetable oils employed may be any suitable one such as olive oil, castor oil, cocoanut oil, neats-foot oil and in general the glycerides or the fatty acids such as oleic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid. One of such oils or a mixture of two or more of such oils may be employed. 1: desired the fatty acids themselves, may be employed. These oils may be used alone or in conjunction with mineral lubricating oils as well as in conjunction with bodies having a beneficial efiect .such as diethylene glycol, glycerine, etc. In order to prevent such oils or fatty acids from oxidizing, hydrolyzing, polymerizing or otherwise becoming sticky and thus imparting harshness to the textile material, I add an aromatic compound containing an unsaturated aliphatic group thereto. Any suitable aromatic compound may be used provided it contains an ,unsaturated aliphatic group, such as vinyl, CHz:CH-; propenyl, CHaCHzCH-g allyl, CH2:CH.CHz; crotonyl, CH3.CH;CH.CH2, etc. The aromatic compound may contain one or more other groups such as hydroxy, ether, halogen, sulfonic and other groups, suchas may be obtained by substitutin the unsaturated aliphatic groups for one or more nuclear hydrogen atoms in phenol, cresol, naphthol, or other phenols; catechol, rescrcinol or other polyhydroxy compounds; anisol, phenetol or other ethers. unsaturated derivatives, particularly the propenyl, allyl, vinyl and crotonyl derivatives of aromatic compounds containing both ether and hydroxy groups, such as guaethol, OH.C6H4.0C2H5, and guaiacol, OH.C6H;1.OCH3. This invention will be described more specifically in connection with propenyl guaethol v OCzHu coi -on omen-0H,-

The amount of propenyl guaethol, or other I prefer however to employ the,

compound employed may be any suitable one,

being usually small and on the order of 0.5 to 5% oi the weight of the oils or fatty acids employed. In one form of my invention, the vegetable or animal oils or the fatty acids in admixture with the propenyl guaethol or other aromatic compound containing an unsaturated aliphatic group maybe added to the spinning dope or solution from which the yarns, filaments, artificial bristles or straw, and the like are formed, and such solution may then be extruded through orifices into an evaporative atmosphere as in dry spinning or into' a precipitating bath as in wet spinning, or films or thin foils may be made from such solution. In another form of my invention the mixture of the oils or fatty acids and the aromatic compound containing an unsaturated aliphatic group may be applied to the yarns, filaments, fabrics, films or foils after their formation. They may be applied either alone or in admixture with other materials as a lubricant or finish. Thus the lubricant or finish may also contain softening which are glycol, diethylene glycol or glycerine.

The textile materials or other artificial materials to be prepared or treated in accordance with The above mixture is applied to a yarn consisting wholly of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate filaments, by causing such yarn to pass over wicks, rollers or other furnishing device for anplying such mixture, in their transit from the dry-spinning machine in which they are formed to a winding device. The amount of finish apstance selected from the group consisting of the propenyl, allyl, vinyl and cotonyl derivatives of guaethol.

GEORGE SCHNEIDER.

I this invention preferably contain organic derivaplied is from 1 to 2% of the weight of the yarn. 5 tives of cellulose which may be organic esters of The propenyl guaethol greatly reduces the cellulose or cellulose ethers. Examples of such tendency of the olive oil to polymerize upon ageorganic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, ing, and inhibits oxidation. Moreover, while celcellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellululose acetate yarns or fabrics treated with olive lose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers oil alone after a period of time tend to deluster 10 are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl more readily when treated with hot "aqueous celluose. fluids, the presence of the propenyl guaethol Yarns, artificial strawor filaments when pregreatly reduces this tendency of delustering. pared or treated in accordance with this inven- It is to be understood that the foregoing detion have great piiabilitydue to the presence 01' 'scription is given merely byway of illustration 5 the animal or vegetable oils or the free fatty acids, and that many variations may be made therein as shown by the fact that such yarns may be without departing from the spirit of my invenreadily knitted into a fabric containing many tion. I stitches per unit length, and artificial bristles, Having described my invention, what I desire horsehair and straw may be knotted quite tightly to secure by Letters Patent is: v 20 and bent quite severely without breaking. More- 1. Textile materials comprising filaments of over, when such yarns are exposed to the air for cellulose acetate containing olive oil and propenyl long periods 01 time, because of the presence of guaetholthe aromatic compound containing unsaturated A finish for artificial textlle materials:

aliphatic groups, they retain their softness and gfg fi i of a fatty acid and pmpenyl 25 pliability and can be readily knitted.

In order further to illustrate my invention, but i i; 3 5; fi'igs gfii gfgizgggf 9 without being thareto' the following 4. Textile materials comprising filaments of cine example is given cellulose acetate containing olive oil and a sub- 30 v Example stance selected from the group consisting of the A finish is prepared as follows: 7 I allyl, vinyl and cotonyl derivatives of Olive 0 f by g 5. A finish for textile material containing cel- 36 Pmpenyl thol 1 lulose acetate, comprising olive 011 and a sub- CERTIFICATE or common.

Patent No. 2,067,950. January 19, 1937 GEORGE scrmsmsn.

leis hereby. certified that error appears in the printed specification of" the "above numbered patent requiringcorrection as follows: Page 1, first column, line 24, for "aging" read ageing; page 2, ec'ond column, lines 32 and, 37, claims 4 and 5 "respectively, for f'cotonyl" read crotonyli and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 9th day of March, vA. D. 1957.

Henry Van Arsdale Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

which are glycol, diethylene glycol or glycerine.

The textile materials or other artificial materials to be prepared or treated in accordance with The above mixture is applied to a yarn consisting wholly of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate filaments, by causing such yarn to pass over wicks, rollers or other furnishing device for anplying such mixture, in their transit from the dry-spinning machine in which they are formed to a winding device. The amount of finish apstance selected from the group consisting of the propenyl, allyl, vinyl and cotonyl derivatives of guaethol.

GEORGE SCHNEIDER.

I this invention preferably contain organic derivaplied is from 1 to 2% of the weight of the yarn. 5 tives of cellulose which may be organic esters of The propenyl guaethol greatly reduces the cellulose or cellulose ethers. Examples of such tendency of the olive oil to polymerize upon ageorganic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, ing, and inhibits oxidation. Moreover, while celcellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellululose acetate yarns or fabrics treated with olive lose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers oil alone after a period of time tend to deluster 10 are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl more readily when treated with hot "aqueous celluose. fluids, the presence of the propenyl guaethol Yarns, artificial strawor filaments when pregreatly reduces this tendency of delustering. pared or treated in accordance with this inven- It is to be understood that the foregoing detion have great piiabilitydue to the presence 01' 'scription is given merely byway of illustration 5 the animal or vegetable oils or the free fatty acids, and that many variations may be made therein as shown by the fact that such yarns may be without departing from the spirit of my invenreadily knitted into a fabric containing many tion. I stitches per unit length, and artificial bristles, Having described my invention, what I desire horsehair and straw may be knotted quite tightly to secure by Letters Patent is: v 20 and bent quite severely without breaking. More- 1. Textile materials comprising filaments of over, when such yarns are exposed to the air for cellulose acetate containing olive oil and propenyl long periods 01 time, because of the presence of guaetholthe aromatic compound containing unsaturated A finish for artificial textlle materials:

aliphatic groups, they retain their softness and gfg fi i of a fatty acid and pmpenyl 25 pliability and can be readily knitted.

In order further to illustrate my invention, but i i; 3 5; fi'igs gfii gfgizgggf 9 without being thareto' the following 4. Textile materials comprising filaments of cine example is given cellulose acetate containing olive oil and a sub- 30 v Example stance selected from the group consisting of the A finish is prepared as follows: 7 I allyl, vinyl and cotonyl derivatives of Olive 0 f by g 5. A finish for textile material containing cel- 36 Pmpenyl thol 1 lulose acetate, comprising olive 011 and a sub- CERTIFICATE or common.

Patent No. 2,067,950. January 19, 1937 GEORGE scrmsmsn.

leis hereby. certified that error appears in the printed specification of" the "above numbered patent requiringcorrection as follows: Page 1, first column, line 24, for "aging" read ageing; page 2, ec'ond column, lines 32 and, 37, claims 4 and 5 "respectively, for f'cotonyl" read crotonyli and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 9th day of March, vA. D. 1957.

Henry Van Arsdale Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

